eng8-u1-grammar-a· UNIT 1. FREE TIME FUN· ~18 min

Unit 1 Grammar A: Present Perfect

Use have/has + a past participle in affirmative, negative, and question forms.

The Present Perfect uses have or has followed by a past participle. Use have with I, you, we, and they; use has with he, she, and it. The book contrasts Nicklen growing up on an island in Canada with his continuing deep love for nature. The first describes a completed childhood event; the second links a feeling to now. The Grammar Bank shows affirmative, negative, question, and short-answer patterns. Choose the helper first, then use the past participle: have travelled, has flown. Do not use the Past Simple form after have or has.

Key terms

Present Perfect — A verb form made with have or has and a past participle: They have travelled; she has flown.
past participle — The verb form used after have or has in the Present Perfect, such as travelled, flown, written, and taken.
helper — Have or has. The helper changes with the subject and comes before the past participle.
Present Perfect forms
FormI/you/we/theyhe/she/it
Affirmativehave travelledhas flown
QuestionHave they travelled?Has she flown?
Negativehaven’t travelledhasn’t flown
Short answerYes, they have.No, she hasn’t.
✎Building a sentence about Paul Nicklen
  1. 1Subject: Paul Nicklen is a third-person singular subject, like he, so choose has.
  2. 2Past participle: The text uses written after has.
  3. 3Sentence: Paul Nicklen has written several books.
✎Making a negative
  1. 1Subject: He takes has.
  2. 2Negative helper: Add not: has not, or hasn’t.
  3. 3Past participle: Keep the participle flown: He hasn’t flown to Türkiye.
🚫Past Simple is not enough

After have or has, use a past participle. Write has taken, not has took.

💡Choose the helper from the subject

The participle stays the same, but the helper changes: they have travelled; she has travelled.

Rules

  1. 1Affirmative: I/You/We/They have + past participle; He/She/It has + past participle.
  2. 2Questions: Have + I/you/we/they + past participle? Has + he/she/it + past participle?
  3. 3Short answers repeat the helper: Yes, they have. No, she hasn’t.
  4. 4Negative: have not / has not + past participle. The common contractions are haven’t and hasn’t.
  5. 5Object questions keep the subject after the helper: Who have you seen? Subject questions use Who or What as the subject: Who has seen him? What has happened to him?

Practice

5 easy · 5 medium · 5 hard

Up to 10 random questions per test

EasyMediumHardMixed