eng8-5.4· Unit 5: Modals & Review· ~13 min

Question forms & tag questions (intro)

Wh-/yes-no questions and question tags.

Forming questions in English requires inverting the subject and auxiliary verb. For yes/no questions, we place the auxiliary (do/does/did, is/are/was/were, have/has, or a modal) before the subject: 'Does she play tennis?' For Wh- questions, the question word comes first, then the auxiliary, then the subject: 'Where does she play?' However, when the question word is the SUBJECT (asking WHO or WHAT did something), we do NOT invert and do NOT add do/does/did: 'Who broke the window?' (not 'Who did break?'). Tag questions are short questions added to the end of a statement to check or confirm. The rule is: a POSITIVE statement takes a NEGATIVE tag, and a NEGATIVE statement takes a POSITIVE tag. The tag must use the SAME auxiliary as the main clause. 'She is your teacher, isn't she?' — positive statement, negative tag, auxiliary 'is'. 'They didn't come, did they?' — negative statement, positive tag, auxiliary 'did'. For example: 'You can swim, can't you?' uses 'can' in both the statement and the tag.

Key terms

tag questionA short question added to the end of a statement to check or confirm it, for example 'isn't she?' or 'do they?'.
auxiliary verbA helping verb (be, do, have, or a modal like can/will) used to form questions and tags. The tag must use the same auxiliary as the statement.
positive tagA tag with no 'not', for example 'do they?' or 'has he?'. It is used after a NEGATIVE statement.
negative tagA tag with 'not' (usually contracted), for example 'isn't she?' or 'won't she?'. It is used after a POSITIVE statement.
tag pronounThe pronoun at the end of the tag. It must match the subject of the statement: 'we' to 'we', 'your parents' to 'they', 'everything' to 'it'.
subject questionA Wh- question where who/what is the subject (asking who or what did something). It uses no auxiliary 'do/does/did': 'Who broke the window?'
StatementTagExample
Positive statementNegative tagShe is your teacher, isn't she?
Negative statementPositive tagThey didn't come, did they?
Statement verbTag auxiliaryExample
be (is/are)isn't / aren'tThey are ready, aren't they?
Present Simpledon't / doesn'tShe reads a lot, doesn't she?
Past Simpledidn'tHe didn't call, did he?
have/has donehaven't / hasn'tYou have seen it, haven't you?
willwon'tShe will join us, won't she?
cancan'tYou can swim, can't you?
Add the tag: 'She is your classmate, ___ ?'
  1. 1Find the auxiliary: The statement uses the verb 'be' ('is'), so the tag must also use 'is'.
  2. 2Flip the polarity: The statement is positive, so the tag must be NEGATIVE: 'isn't'.
  3. 3Match the pronoun: The subject is 'she', so the tag pronoun is 'she'.
  4. 4Result: She is your classmate, isn't she?
Add the tag: 'They don't like football, ___ ?'
  1. 1Find the auxiliary: The statement is Present Simple ('don't like'), so the tag auxiliary is 'do'.
  2. 2Flip the polarity: The statement is negative ('don't'), so the tag must be POSITIVE: 'do'.
  3. 3Match the pronoun: The subject is 'they', so the tag pronoun is 'they'.
  4. 4Result: They don't like football, do they?
🚫Common mistake

Always flip the polarity: a POSITIVE statement needs a NEGATIVE tag, and a NEGATIVE statement needs a POSITIVE tag. 'She is your classmate, isn't she?' (not 'is she?').

⚠️Caution

The tag must use the SAME auxiliary as the statement. After 'You have seen this film' use 'haven't you?', not 'don't you?'; after a modal like 'will', use 'won't', not 'doesn't'.

💡Note

After 'I am ...' the standard tag is 'aren't I?'. 'Amn't I?' is not used in standard English.

🚫Common mistake

The tag pronoun must match the subject: 'We were late, weren't we?' (not 'weren't they?'); 'Your parents were at home, weren't they?' (not 'weren't you?'). Watch singular words like 'everything' to 'it' and 'nobody' to 'they'.

Rules

  1. 1For yes/no questions, invert the subject and auxiliary: 'Is he ready?' / 'Did they arrive?' — never use 'do' with 'be' or modals.
  2. 2For Wh- questions, the order is: question word → auxiliary → subject → main verb: 'What did you buy?'
  3. 3For SUBJECT questions (who/what as subject), use no auxiliary and keep normal word order: 'Who called you?' NOT 'Who did call you?'
  4. 4Tag questions follow the rule: positive statement → negative tag; negative statement → positive tag: 'She reads a lot, doesn't she?' / 'He won't come, will he?'
  5. 5The tag must use the SAME auxiliary verb (or same modal) as the statement: 'They have finished, haven't they?' — NOT 'don't they?'

Practice

10 easy · 10 medium · 10 hard

10 random questions per test